Sunday, August 23, 2020

How to Write a Bio thats Targeted and Attention-Getting

Step by step instructions to Write a Bio that is Targeted and Attention-Getting You’ve most likely heard on different occasions that there’s no â€Å"one-size-fits-all† continue. However, shouldn't something be said about profiles? Is there a one-size-fits-all bio? My answer is unflinchingly, â€Å"No.† You have to see how to compose a bio that is focused to every crowd youre tending to, in view of that audiencesâ focus, interests, and needs. I for one have a whole Word record dedicated to bounteous adaptations of my profile. Every one is intended for a particular crowd. Instructions to Write a Bio for Myself (Brenda Bernstein) The bio that accompanies my How to Make Resume Writing Fun online course begins as follows: Brenda Bernstein, Certified Master Resume Writer (CMRW), Certified Executive Resume Master (CERM), and achieved editorial manager and LinkedIn mentor, accepts that resume composing doesn't need to be a drag! Notice that the realities about me are continue explicit, and I set up my crowd to figure this introduction will make continue composing progressively acceptable. Imagine a scenario where I’m doing an introduction about LinkedIn. Here’s how I create that bio: Brenda Bernstein is the #1 Amazon-top of the line writer of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, presently in its twelfth version and as of late discharged in full-shading print. A convincing speaker, grant winning specialist and top-guaranteed continue essayist, Brenda has worked with many experts and officials who comprehend the estimation of a powerful LinkedIn profile. As anyone might expect, the LinkedIn-related bio contains proof of my LinkedIn aptitude and experience. Third, here’s the start of my profile, composed for a Yale crowd where I was offering consecutive introductions on resume and LinkedIn profile composing: Brenda Bernstein, MC ’91[1], is the writer of the #1 Best-Selling digital book, How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. Presently proprietor and senior editorial manager of The Essay Expert, recouping legal advisor (NYU ’98), Certified Master Resume Writer, and looked for after LinkedIn coach, Brenda started her altering â€Å"career† wordsmithing her friends’ articles for the Yale Daily News. As should be obvious, the crowd and the subject illuminate what I underline in each bio. I actually compose another bio each time an association or site approaches me for one! Step by step instructions to Write a Bio for a Client (Tamira Johnelle) As of late, I was blessed to have the chance to compose two profiles for Tamira Johnelle. You’ll discover increasingly about this shining lady in a second. For the time being, what I need to pass on is the distinction in the profiles I composed for her. The first was for a gathering for ladies business visionaries. The second was for her site. As you read the profiles, search for the accentuation of each and the reasonable contrasts, all of which come from Tamira’s target crowd. Ladies Entrepreneurs Conference Bio: Tamira Johnelle is transforming her own weight reduction story into one of the quickest developing organizations of its sort. Her amazing achievement of going from size 18 to estimate 6 out of 7 months, while eating sweet consistently, isn't her lone distinguishing strength. Look at the development of her following: from 1,639 devotees to 11,550 supporters in about a month! She has createdâ a 16-week virtual course just as a one-on-one training program for individuals battling with their weight, giving them the outline to her prosperity and pushing them on their excursion to weightâ loss opportunity. Tamira’s formula assortment of tasty, sound fundamental dishes and pastries, From a Size 18 to a Size 6 out of 7 Months While Eating Dessert Daily, The MAIN DISH EDITION is selling quickly. What's more, individuals have reacted incredibly well to her formula recordings on Facebook Live and Periscope. At the point when you meet this straightforward, extravagant business visionary, you’ll comprehend why she is a motivation to anybody needing to appreciate both their food and their lives. Site Bio: Tamira Johnelle, who went from a size 18 to a size 6 of every 7 months, is a motivation to any individual who has been battling with their weight for a considerable length of time and who feels like a disappointment as a result of it. Tamira experienced childhood with the American lousy nourishment diet. As a young lady, she would shroud candy under the cushion, and wake up in the center of the night to eat it. In the first part of the day she woke up hungry for additional. This pattern of undesirable eating was devouring her life. As much as she attempted to work herself out of her examples, she was unable to stop these overwhelmingly ground-breaking yearnings. This may sound recognizable to you. As she became more established, Tamira grappled with her weight, going on unreasonable eating regimens she couldnt keep. Eat servings of mixed greens throughout the day? Is it accurate to say that you are joking? Tamira was not going to surrender pastries perpetually however she wanted to be solid and look incredible in a size 6 dress. She knew there must be a superior method to get astounding and reasonable weight reduction results. One significant advance was figuring out how to cook. Tamira is self-educated and in 7 years has comeâ up with an entire cookbook loaded with plans that totally fulfill and that will stop your low quality nourishment cravings. Here are only a couple of the delightful things you’ll find in From a Size 18 to a Size 6 of every 7 Months While Eating Dessert Daily, The MAIN DISH EDITION: Delicious, Satisfying Entrees: Slow Cooker BBQ Pulled Chicken, Salmon Cakes, Black Bean Avocado Quesadillas Sweets that Won’t Have You Thinking about Junk Food All Day: Turmeric-Lemon Kidney Bean Cake, Maple-Cayenne Cookies, Maple-Pineapple-Lime Sorbet Be that as it may, plans will just get you 20% there. Tamira has built up a whole way of life that has helped her and others get and keep the weight off through positive certifications, solid suppers, practice and a large group of different techniques. She has createdâ a 16-week virtual course just as a one-on-one training program for individuals battling with their own weight, giving them the outline to her prosperity and pushing them on their excursion to weightâ loss opportunity. [This bio is trailed by four convincing achievement stories.] What do you notice about these profiles? Do you perceive how Tamira’s enterprising victories, which are featured in the gathering bio, would be wrong on her site? They would turn individuals off. In any case, the business people need to think about this stuff since they need a similar sort of accomplishment. Also, notice how her own more drawn out story, the subtleties of her plans, and her clients’ weight reduction triumphs, which are critical to her persona on her site, take a rearward sitting arrangement in a bio for a group of people of business people. The business visionaries couldn’t care less about the customer with lupus whose aggravation everything except vanished in about fourteen days. Instructions to Write a Bio for Yourself! Do you have a bio primed and ready to convey at whatever point you’re requested one? In the event that you do, pause for a minute before squeezing â€Å"send† to ensure you’ve customized the bio to your crowd. There’s nobody size-fits-all bio! Furthermore, on the off chance that you need assistance with how to compose a bio, The Essay Expert will be glad to help! Look at our profile composing bundles. [1] Morse College, a private school at Yale, and my graduating year (1991).

Friday, August 21, 2020

Food and culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Food and culture - Essay Example At the point when individuals eat, they hang out and recount anecdotes about existence and they plan together for what's to come. It is a major piece of people’s lives. It gives families time to share together and assemble connections between relatives. Eating food permits passing on customs and conventions that are being overlooked. Food likewise influences culture in different manners. Human social orders are gatherings of individuals who collaborate with one another. Be that as it may, a portion of the things that make individuals act the manner in which they do are the food societies that individuals develop and share everywhere throughout the world. The vast majority of the plants and animals individuals eat develop in a ranch. Albeit a considerable lot of the food individuals eat have been there for a large number of years, the methods of developing and raising the food have changed. As approaches to cultivate changed, so did the manner in which land was created. Getting food and the earth, individuals perceive how the associations of plants and creatures had an effect on nature. Individuals at that point look for ways that farming strategies can be like normal ways. Over 10,000 years back, people started the change from chasing and assembling to planning and dealing with the scene to serve their requirements. Individuals started to control qualities and create innovation to develop yields and raise creatures to accommodate their preferences. In Guanxi Province in China, for example, ranchers incorporated slants with step-like porches (Alba 15). By changing the earth of their environmental factors, individuals can develop food in places that in any case would not bolster crops. Saving food makes it less short-lived and simpler to ship. Also, the obento, a Japanese child’s school lunch, gives social messages to an individual who isn't Japanese. The particular nourishments and how they are readied represent an association among home and school. The obento hence has a significant impact in recognizing a culture (Anderson 103). Early food horticulture helped society develop into urban areas and states. Anyplace one looks on the planet, food influences culture. So

Thursday, July 9, 2020

A Role Of Electronic Marketing In Promoting Of Tour Companies In Kenya - 12100 Words

A Role Of Electronic Marketing In Promoting Of Tour Companies In Kenya (Research Proposal Sample) Content: THE ROLE OF ELECTRONIC MARKETING IN PROMOTING PERFORMANCE OF TOUR COMPANIES IN KENYA PRESENTED BY: NAMEREGISTRATION NUMBER 1. 2. 3. 4. A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS’ OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI AUGUST, 2018 DECLARATION This research proposal is our original work and has not been submitted for examination in any other university. NAME REG. NO Signature:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Date:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ NAME REG. NO Signature:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Date:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ NAME REG. NO Signature:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Date:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ NAME REG. NO Signature:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Date:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ This research proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as a University Supervisor. Signature:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Date:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. PROF. XN IRAKI Department of Business Administration-School of Business-University of Nairobi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In a very humble way, we appreciate the Almighty God. All this would not have been possible were it not for his mighty care and providence. Our deepest appreciation goes to our Supervisor XN IRAKI for his unwavering support and kind advice during this proposal. Thank you so much for your reliability, availability, insight, effort and in an intelligent and constructive way you challenged our thoughts on the topic of this proposal. Your energy is out of this world and wishes you well in all your endeavors. DEDICATION This proposal is dedicated to our parents and future grandchildren for their future reference. We believe the proposal will act as a reference point for their education and future MBA projects. Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u DECLARATION PAGEREF _Toc521516277 \h iiACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PAGEREF _Toc521516278 \h iiiDEDICATION PAGEREF _Toc521516279 \h iiiCHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION PAGEREF _Toc521516280 \h 11.1 Background of the Study PAGEREF _Toc521516281 \h 11.1.1The Concept of E-Marketing PAGEREF _Toc521516282 \h 11.1.2 The Concept of Organizational Performance PAGEREF _Toc521516283 \h 31.1.3 Tourism Industry in Kenya PAGEREF _Toc521516284 \h 71.1.4 Tour Firms in Kenya PAGEREF _Toc521516285 \h 71.1.5 Online Marketing in Tourism Industry PAGEREF _Toc521516286 \h 101.2 Research Problem PAGEREF _Toc521516287 \h 111.3 Research Objective PAGEREF _Toc521516288 \h 111.4 Value of the Study PAGEREF _Toc521516289 \h 11CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW PAGEREF _Toc521516290 \h 112.1 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc521516291 \h 112.2 Theoretical Foundations of the Study PAGEREF _Toc521516292 \h 112.2.1 Diffusion of Innovations Theory PAGEREF _Toc521516293 \h 112.2.2 The Wheel of Retailing Theo ry PAGEREF _Toc521516294 \h 112.3 Digital Marketing Platforms PAGEREF _Toc521516295 \h 112.4 E-Marketing strategies PAGEREF _Toc521516296 \h 112.4.1 Product Strategy PAGEREF _Toc521516297 \h 112.4.2 Price Strategy PAGEREF _Toc521516298 \h 112.4.3 Promotion Strategy PAGEREF _Toc521516299 \h 112.4.4 Place Strategy PAGEREF _Toc521516300 \h 112.5 Electronic Marketing Strategies and Organizational Performance PAGEREF _Toc521516301 \h 112.6 Electronic Marketing Practices, Competitive Environment and Organizational Performance PAGEREF _Toc521516302 \h 11CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PAGEREF _Toc521516303 \h 113.1Introduction PAGEREF _Toc521516304 \h 113.2 Research Design PAGEREF _Toc521516305 \h 113.3 Target Population PAGEREF _Toc521516306 \h 113.4 Sampling Design PAGEREF _Toc521516307 \h 113.5 Data Collection PAGEREF _Toc521516308 \h 113.6 Data Analysis PAGEREF _Toc521516309 \h 11REFERENCES PAGEREF _Toc521516310 \h 11 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Marketing organizations conduct business in unpredictable, dynamic and volatile environments that demand origination of workable strategies that include e-marketing practices, for attainment of goals. Companies seek to develop appropriate strategies that are capable of assuring management of success. Notably, the developments of mechanisms that enable adaptation to the dynamisms in the competitive environment with appropriate strategies contribute to better organizational performance. Recognition of the effect of organizational strategies, including adoption of e-marketing practices, and application of the strategies in adapting to the turbulent competitive environment, has effects on organizations performance. In Kenya, the telecommunications industry is experiencing rapid growth that is highly impacting the economy in line with the Vision 20130. There are many players in the industry which is categorized into International Network Facility Providers, National Network Facility Providers (NFP) and Non-Infrastructure Based Service Providers (Communications Authority of Kenya, 2015). Following liberalization of the industry in 1990s, the marketing environment has become highly competitive with technological advancements introducing turbulence and diversity all of which have resulted into declining performance (Letangule Letting, 2012). Players have had to be more innovative and scanning the environment, adopting appropriate strategies that enable effective market targeting and customer engagement (Lwiza Nwankwo, 2002). 1.1.1The Concept of E-Marketing The Internet is the global 'network of networks" of interlinked computers operating on a standard protocol which allows data to be transferred between them. As an information exchange system, the most important aspect of the Internet is its connectivity, the ability to allow everyone to access the network (Young et al, 1999). The potential of using the Internet for marketing activities is derived from its general use as an information exchange system in the digital age. The information can be stored, indexed, retrieved, restructured and redistributed automatically by software and without human intervention. The Internet connects companies with companies companies with customers, and people with people without regard to time, space and hardware/ software platforms (Mathur et al, 1998). According to Mathias Sahut (1999) Internet Marketing can be defined as systems that enable customers (clients) to access general information on an industry’s products and services through a Pers onal Computer (PC) or other intelligent device or any industry activity held on Internet from promotion to sale. Many tourism businesses nowadays are working towards incorporating sustainability into the core of their products. Quite often these products are the result of a well thought sustainability concept, and yet the entrepreneurs behind it fail to reach the marketplace, because they lack marketing expertise and knowledge of the tourism industry’s distribution channels. These tourism companies, and particularly small firms from developing countries, suffer from poor targeting, market segmentation and positioning, low consumer product knowledge, and consumer risk perception (Marketing Intelligence 2003). According to a global survey conducted by Agarwal, 2000, Internet marketing has the potential to reach a broader market but for the inexperienced tourism firms much training is needed, with priorities such as managing risk perception of consumers if operating their own website, to possibly paying high commissions for discounted last minute travel sites. More regulation of internet retailing will increase consumer trust and particularly help small firms. In addition, internet marketing helps firms to attract prospective customers who are already looking for the products and services that the firm offers, thus enabling the firm to bring in those prospects that are ready to make a commitment. Marketing a firm online with targeted pay per Click advertising allows the business to draw in those prospects that live within a certain area. Internet marketing also helps to draw in an increased number of site visitors who aren't fully committed to making a purchase but who will, provided your w eb site is able to reel them in. In fact, compared to 2009 where 24 percent of connected consumers said they purchased airline tickets online and 17 percent made hotel/tour reservations via the Internet, intent to make travel arrangements online in 2010 has increased seven percentage points and nine percentage points respectively (Ngemu, 2005) 1.1.2 The Concept of Organizational Performance Every organization exists to achieve a particular goal. Organizational performance is the final achievement of an organization and contains a few things, such as the existence of certain targets, has a period of time in achieving these targets and the realization of efficiency and effectiveness (Bourne, 2010). Thus, organizational performance refers to ability of an enterprise to achieve such objectives as high profit, quality product, large market share, good financial results, and survival at pre-determined time using relevant strategy for action (Scupola, 2013). Performance provides the basis for an organization to assess how well it is progressing towards predetermined objectives, identify areas of strength and weakness and decide on the future initiatives with the goal of how to initiate performance improvement (Viswanathan, 2012). Organizational performance includes multiple activities that help in establishing the goals of the organization, and monitor the progress towards the target (Bourne, 2010). It is used to make adjustments to accomplish goals more efficiently and effectively. Organization performance is what business executives and owners are usually frustrated about. This is because even though the employees of the company are hard-working and are busy doing their tasks, their companies are unable to achieve the planned results. Results are achieved more due to unexpected events and good fortune rather than the efforts ma...

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

The Harlem Renaissance Essay - 2291 Words

The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual and literary period of growth promoting a new African American cultural identity in the United States. The years of 1920 and 1990 and â€Å"were clear peak periods of African American cultural production.† During these years blacks were able to come together and form a united group that expressed a desire for enlightenment. â€Å"It is difficult not to recognize the signs that African Americans are in the midst of a cultural renaissance† (English 807). This renaissance allowed Blacks to have a uniform voice in a society based upon intellectual growth. The front-runners of this revival were extremely focused on cultural growth through means of intellect, literature, art and music. By using these means†¦show more content†¦Each part of the United States had their different standpoints towards blacks and the leaders of the Harlem Renaissance were devoted to crushing the negative attitudes placed upon the Afro-Americ ans. During this time race was a social construct. Everyday lives were affected by skin color whether people were aware or not. For years African Americans were shunned into a classification that viewed their society as less than human. Toomer’s novel shows the ability race has to affect and intersect different aspects and domains of society and life, as well as dismantle it. Jean Toomer created this piece of art for a reason. Cane suggests that the social construct created upon race should be avoided, for people of all different social classes have equal potential for success. Jean Toomer was born Nathnan Eugene Pinchback Toomer, on December 26, 1894 in Washington, D.C. His father was Nathan Toomer, a light skinned man who could pass for white, and his mother, Nina Pinchback was of African descent, but was also light skinned. Her father was the governor of Louisiana at the time and he was the first African American to assume the position of governor. As a boy, where ver Jean moved to, he would live in all white neighborhoods. The schools he attended varied with each move. For the majority of his childhood he was in all black schools, but there is record that Toomer attended two all white schools also. JeanShow MoreRelatedHarlem And The Harlem Renaissance Essay2269 Words   |  10 Pagessouthern African Americans migrated to a city called Harlem in New York. They relocated due to dogmatism and intolerance of melanin diverging out the of pores of many white southerners. The African Americans who migrated found new opportunities both economic and artistic that resulted to the creation of a stable middle class Black –Americans (Dover, 2006). This was the Harlem Renaissance a cultural, social, and artistic explosion. The core of Harlem expressed by Alain Locke is that through art, â€Å"negroRead MoreHarlem And The Harlem Renaissance1430 Words   |  6 Pagesmoved in to urban cities such as Chicago, Detroit, and Harlem. Out of these no rthern metropolises, the most popular was Harlem; â€Å"here in Manhattan (Harlem) is not merely the largest Negro community in the world, but the first concentration in history of so many diverse element of Negro life†(1050). Harlem became the mecca of black people, and between the years of 1920 and the late 1930s it was known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance, brought artiest, poets, writers, musicians, and intelligentRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance850 Words   |  4 Pages Giselle Villanueva History IB Mr. Flores February 7, 2016 Period 4 Word Count: 693 Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was the first period in the history of the United States in which a group of black poets, authors, and essayist seized the opportunity to express themselves. The Great Migration was the movement of six million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North during 1916 to 1970. Driven from their homes by unsatisfactory economic opportunities and harsh segregationistRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1154 Words   |  5 PagesIV AP 16 November 2015 The Harlem Renaissance The early 1900s was a time marked with tragedy in America. Started and ended with the Great Depression in between, it was not America s finest moment. Prohibition was in place, the Klu Klux Klan was still marching, and the Lost Generation was leaving for Paris. But despite the troubling times, people still found beauty and meaning in the world around them. They still created art and celebrated life. The Harlem Renaissance was an artistic and literaryRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance941 Words   |  4 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement, in the early 1920’s, that involved vibrancies of new life, ideas, and perceptions. The large migration of African Americans northward, after World War I, allowed people of color the opportunity to collaborate in the New York City neighborhood, known as Harlem. This renaissance allowed the city to thrive on a refined understanding and appreciation of the arts. Many individuals were involved in this movement including doctors, s tudents, shopkeepers,Read MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1317 Words   |  6 Pagesday is the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance is the cultural movement of the 1920’s. The movement essentially kindled a new black cultural identity through art, literature and intellect. The Harlem Renaissance started during the Roaring Twenties. It took place in Harlem, New York. It became most prominent in the mid to late 1920’s and it diminished toward the early 1930’s (Henderson). The Harlem Renaissance was initially called the New Negro Movement or the New Negro Renaissance. It was theRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 1 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural movement of the 1920s and early 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. According to Wintz: The Harlem Renaissance was â€Å"variously known as the New Negro movement, the New Negro Renaissance, and the Negro Renaissance, the movement emerged toward the end of World War I in 1918, blossomed in the mid- to late 1920s, and then withered in the mid-1930sRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesHARLEM RENAISSANCE Throughout the history of African Americans, there have been important historical figures as well as times. Revered and inspirational leaders and eras like, Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement, Nat Turner and the slave revolt, or Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party. One such period that will always remain a significant part of black art and culture is the Harlem Renaissance. It changed the meaning of art and poetry, as it was known then. Furthermore, theRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesHARLEM RENAISSANCE Throughout the history of African Americans, there have been important historical figures as well as times. Revered and inspirational leaders and eras like, Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement, Nat Turner and the slave revolt, or Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party. One such period that will always remain a significant part of black art and culture is the Harlem Renaissance. It changed the meaning of art and poetry, as it was known then. Furthermore, theRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay524 Words   |  3 Pages Harlem Renaissance nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Harlem Renaissance was a time of racism, injustice, and importance. Somewhere in between the 1920s and 1930s an African American movement occurred in Harlem, New York City. The Harlem Renaissance exalted the unique culture of African-Americans and redefined African-American expression. It was the result of Blacks migrating in the North, mostly Chicago and New York. There were many significant figures, both male and female, that had taken part

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Conflicts Within A Group And How A Manager Can Bring Up...

Conflicts can happen in everyday life with people and in organizations. Conflicts need to be handled so that the situation does not escalate further. Most people look at conflicts as a bad situation, but not all conflicts are bad, some are good, especially when discussing an idea within a group. In an organization there are times when a conflict may need to happen for an issue to be resolved, but when this happens the people involved need to look at if this conflict is really necessary to resolve the issue. How to address conflicts in a group and how a manager can bring up the conflict without making them worse is what will be discussed next. At many jobs there are projects given that have to be completed in groups and they re more than likely is going to be people within the group that do not necessarily agree on how the project should be completed. This can cause a conflict to arise and to resolve this conflict requires all members of the group to have a say in the resolution. To ensure sufficient discussion of contentious issues in a work group, I would have one person be in charge of the group. This person would make sure that everyone had a turn to give their input and I would make it known to all the group members that what is said cannot be held against the person who says it. When managers need to bring up unspoken conflicts into the open without making them worse, it may be best to have a third party present that can ensure that the issue is addressedShow MoreRelatedChoosing Your1151 Words   |  5 PagesBattles Josh FOSTER 9/12/2015 Choosing Your Battles Josh FOSTER 9/12/2015 How would you ensure sufficient discussion of contentious issues in a work group? How can managers bring unspoken conflicts into the open without making them worse? Conflict is a word with no shortage of definitions but common to most of those definitions is the idea that conflict is a perception (Robbins and Judge 2015, p.400). Conflict is most generally a process that begins when one party perceives that another partyRead MoreThe Problem Of Conflict Resolution1383 Words   |  6 Pagesin groups and make decisions that affect everyone. There are very few situations where everyone in a group or team will agree totally, as a result, conflict is inevitable. It is important that we, as Human Resource administrators understand that our schools are comprised of employees representing different cultures, backgrounds, races and religious beliefs. We must ensure that we adopt and practice modes of communication that are conducive to the promotion of great teamwork. Conflict can ariseRead MoreCase Study Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesUniversal Luxury Overview: Universal Luxury Group is an international group of companies principally engaged in the production and sale of luxury goods including Food and Beverages, Fashion and Leather Goods, Perfumes and Cosmetics, Watches and Jewelry, and other business. Among them, this case is handling Perfumes and Cosmetics business group that accounts for EUR 2,231M, 19% of sales revenue. * What is the organizational structure of Universal Luxury’s brands and Ramp;D? ULVRead More Unit 4 Lm1a Assignment4019 Words   |  17 Pagesresponsibilities included in their job description and confident in their role within the setting, if a staff member is not confident or is unsure they should be fully able to approach the team leader/manager to voice their concerns at this point managers or leaders would be able to provide necessary training or support and supervision. A team will work more effectively if they have confidence and respect for their leader/manager, someone who is able to confidently deal with situations, provide supportRead MoreBuilding An Effective Technology Support Team1517 Words   |  6 PagesSupport Team Introduction These days our society is totally interlink with the latest technology and it is almost impossible to exist without it. Along with the several benefits that technology provides, it also causes some problems and issues. Therefore, technical support is needed to solve these issues and make use of technology easier for the users. Making a technology support teams is not as easy to just simply choose people because these teams play an important role in the success and reputationRead MoreDealing with Difficult Employees1299 Words   |  5 Pagespeople have an impact on the workplace morale and productivity. Some managers are not comfortable with conflict while others have to make sure to defuse the situation before it gets out of control. Difficult people aren’t only limited in the workplace but in our daily lives, learning how to cope with them in and out of the work place is a skill that is most valued by companies. Difficult employees or Problem employees depending how one would word it, are normally used to refer to a worker who failsRead MoreThe Importance Of An Organization For A Dynamic Team2161 Words   |  9 Pagesto constantly set new internal as well as external goals that can be attainable and work in a strategical way toward them without affecting previous achieved goals. Leaders need to have a vision and a plan on how to create a dynamic team, handle conflict, improve communication and motivate employees, in order acquire and maintain new customers. First, an organization has to put an effort to building a dynamic team. â€Å"Team are groups of two or more people who interact and influence one another, areRead MoreHigh Performance Teams2714 Words   |  11 PagesIn today’s business world, more and more organizations are moving away from the use of individual work assignments to a combination of manager-led and self-directing teams. 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A case study of Syria- European Refugee Crisis

Question: You are required to carry out an original piece of research on an agreed topic (European refugee crisis ( a case study of syria) ) related to media representations of either a political or social issue. Using Mixed Method Your Research Project should Focus on a specific problem or issue Relate the problem or issue to the relevant literature Have a reasoned research design Provide an analytical and critical approach to the literature and topic Maintain scholarly standards throughout Use sound arguments with valid and reliable evidence Answer: Background of the research One of the moist important problems that the world is facing currently is the problem with the refugees. The host counties are having a tough time accommodating the refugees. The refugees are facing problems in the process of relocation (Siddiqui, 2015). Loss of lives and health problems are some of the common problems that are related with the refugees. On the other hand, the host countries are suffering from economic downturn (Straubhaar, 2015). The European countries are some of the countries in the world, which are suffering from problem like space issues and economic problems while supporting the refugees (Fernndez-Huertas Moraga and Rapoport, 2015). In addition this, the European countries are unable to give proper medical support to the he refugees as they are going in number with the passage of time. However, refugees come to the European countries from all over the world; the refugees from Syria are the largest in number. The recent case study of Aylan Kurdi highlighted the problems that the refugees are facing while relocating from one country to another (Arndt, 2015). This research project will throw light on the specific problem or issue of space and economic crisis faced by the European countries while accommodating the refugees. In addition to this, the research will throw light on the specific problems and issues that the refugees face while travelling to another country. Research aim The aim of this research is to study the crisis faced by the European countries while accommodating as well as the problems faced by the Syrian refugees while relocating to other countries. In addition to this, the research also aims at find out the measures that will be adopted to combat the problems faced by the refugees as well as the European countries. Research objective As it has already been discussed that the problems of the refugees is increasing at a fast rate. Hence, it is required that the project should have certain specific objectives so that it becomes easier for the researcher to reach the desired outcome. The objectives of this research work are: To find out the problems faced by the European countries while accommodating the refuges from Syria To find out the problems face by the refuges from Syria while travelling to the European countries To find out various ways that can be adopted by the countries to combat the problems of the refugees Research questions Once the research objectives are taken care, the research questions help the researcher to follow a proper and path to complete the research work. The research questions that will be taken into consideration for the completion of the project are: What are the problems faced by the European countries while accommodating he Syrian refugees in the country? What are the problems faced by the Syrian refugees while travelling form one country to another? What are the measures that need to be taken care of to solve the issues related to the problems of the refugees? Literature review The refugee crisis is one such crisis, which the world is facing currently. Due to the social and political problems, the citizens of a particular country are forced to migrate to some other countries (Case of M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece European Court of Human Rights, 2011). In such a situation, both the citizens who are migrating and the countries where the citizens are migrating, face a problem. The worst affected citizens hail from Syria and the countries from Europe are the most affected one when it comes to accommodating the refugees (McDonough and Tsourdi, 2012). Much has been written about the Syrian three-year-old boy, Aylan Kurdi. The images of Aylan Kurdi have caught the media attention when the lifeless body of the boy was found ashore in the Turkish beach. The body of three-year-old Aylan was washed ashore when he and his family were traveling in a small rubber boat to Greece, a country in Europe which is facing a tough time in accommodating the refugees (Cohen, 2011). The image of the boy in blue shorts, read shirt and a pair of sneakers became a symbol of hardships that the Syrians had to face due to the four-year-old conflict that is going on in the country. Figure 1: the image of the lifeless Syrian boy Aylan Kurdi (Source: Cbsnews.com, 2015) Aylan not only died alone in the family. His brother Galip who was five-years-old and his other Rehan also died along with him. Due to the death of the three members the family, Aylans father, Abdullah Kurdi recorded a message which he dedicated to the world. However, the family died while migrating to one of the European countries, he wants the world to open the doors to the Syrians. According to him, it is difficult to cope when someone shuts the door in the face. The Syrians feel the same way. They are migrating to other countries out of fear of life and they expect some amount of sympathy from the other countries in the world. Figure 2: Abdullah Kurdi, father of Aylan Kurdi (Source: Cbsnews.com, 2015) Aylan and his family have taken shelter in Turkey after they fled from Syria. On early September 2015, they tried to make a desperate attempt to reach Greece in order to reach a safe place to stay. The boat overturned when the person who was handling the boat abandoned the vessel in the middle of the sea. It was Abdullah who was left to handle the boat in the mid sea, which eventually led to the overturn. Over a million refugees, not only from Syria but also from the countries like Afghanistan and Iraq have fled to the countries in the European Union in the year 2015 (Naqvi, 2012). It has been recorded that more than 3700 people either died or went missing in the process of migration in the dangerous journey that they undertake while migrating from their own country to another country (Alexander, 2015). The smugglers around the world are hugely benefited due to the relocation of the refugees as said by IOM (International Organization for Migration). The local governments of the countries in Europe are also having a tough time in accommodating the Syrians. More than 30 governors have said that they would not receive any migrants from Syria (Cbsnews.com, 2015). The threat of the Syrian migrants took a serious turn when one of the gunmen involved in the Paris attacks possessed a fake Syrian passport. The gunman used the fake passport to enter Europe by posing as a refugee. The population of the refugees hailing from Syria has increased to a great extent. During the period of July 2014 and July 2015, it has been recorded that over 210,000 applications have been received for the asylum in the European countries from Syria (Horstmann, 2011). The UNHCR has recorded that the number of applications in the month of June has crossed 28,000 and in the month of July, it has crossed 32,000 (Kirici, 2015). The number of Syrian refugees has increased to such an extent that the asylum system in Greece and Hungary has now come to a halt. The government of Hungary is now building a wall along the Serbian border to stop further immigration of the refugees (Novotn, 2015). As most of the parts of Syria is under the control of the Islamic states, hence there is no probable chance of the country to come out of the clutches of the Islamic states in the near future. 7.6 million Syrians who have moved to safer places within the country and more than 4.2 million Syrians have migrated to the foreign lands (Willgress, 2015). The European refugee crisis is another example where the international community has failed to share the burden of the neighboring states and countries (Horstmann, 2011). The international refugees system was build with the idea that the international countries should share the burden of the refugees equally and it is not the burden of one particular country. Until the developed countries come forward to take help, the nation it will be difficult to handle the crisis of the refugees. It is true that the developed countries are also facing problems to handle the increasing population of the refugees, yet it is the duty of the developed countries to help the refugees of the affected countries. The literature review and the case study of the Syrian refugee, Aylan Kurdi will act as the secondary data for the research project. The literature review also points pot the specific problems faced by the refugees in the European countries. Moreover, the problems that are being faced but the European countries will is also highlighted in the literature review. Based in the on the data retrieved in the literature review the research design will be determined which will have a mixed method (Tight and Huisman, 2013). The message given to the world by Aylans father, Abdullah and the statistical data that will be presented in the research methodology will help the researchers to carry out a quantitative as well as qualitative analysis (Wrycza, 2011). Research methodology To complete the research project that deals with the Syrian refugees and the refugee crisis faced by the European countries, it is necessary that the secondary data be used. It is not possible to carry out the research by retrieving the primary data, as it will not be possible for the researcher to talk to the refugees or the higher officials of the European countries regarding the problems that they are facing (Goodson, Loveless and Stephens, 2012). Hence, the case study of Aylan Kurdi and the message of Abdullah Kurdi will act as the data for the qualitative analysis. In addition to this, the statistical data that will be presented in this section will act the quantitative data for the research work (Hoecke, 2011). Hence, mixed method that will take into consideration the quantitative as well as the qualitative approach will be used to complete the research work (Noble and Bestley, 2011). As it has been discussed about the research objective that the main themes of the research work are: Theme 1: The problems faced by the European countries while accommodating the refugees The graphs that will be presented in this section that will indicate the growing number of refugees in the European countries. Eventually, the going number of refugees is making it impossible for the European countries to make space for refugees in the country (Green, 2015). Theme 2: The problems faced by the Syrian refugees while relocating to other countries The problems that the Syrian refuges are facing are presented thought the case study of Aylan Kurdi. The number of refugees from Syria is rising to such an extent that the refugees are dying while travelling from one place to another (Fijnaut, 2015). Figure 3: asylum claims in the year 2015 (Source: BBC News, 2015) The above image shows the asylum claims is highest in Germany out of all the European countries where the Syrian refugees migrate. The total number of asylum claims has reached a number of 942,400 in the month of September to November in the year 2015. Figure 4: asylum application per 100,000 local populations (Source: BBC News, 2015) However, Germany has received the highest application for the asylum seekers. More than 1450 refugees per 100,000 Hungarys local population claimed to stay in the country. In the first half of the year 2015, Hungary holds the highest population of refugees out of all the European countries (Grey, 2015). For Germany, it was 323 and for the United Kingdom, it was 30 applications. However, the number of applications increased in the case of Germany. Figure 5: application for asylums from different counties in the European countries (Source: BBC News, 2015) The above graphs show the counties around the world which have applied in the European countries. The graphs show that between the period of January and October in the year 2015, the number of refugees from Syria has been the highest. Almost 180,000 fist time applicants who have applied for the asylum in the European countries in these10 months. The European countries are already feeling the pressure of the refugees on the countries economic conditions and resources (Gulland, 2015). Out of all the European countries, Hungary, Italy and Greece are the most affected countries where the refugees arrive through boat and overland. In the month of September, the ministers from the various European countries have voted to relocate 120,000 refugees to other countries of Europe from the three above-mentioned countries. However, the reversed plan has been implemented where the number has been reduced to 66,000. The refuges will be mainly from Italy and Greece who will be relocated to other European countries (Krsteska, 2015). The remaining 54,000 refugees will be moved from Hungary but the government is yet to decide where to relocate them as other countries are also facing problem in giving place for the refugees to stay. Figure 6: resettlement Figure 6: plan for the refuges (Source: BBC News, 2015) The above graph shows that Germany is currently the main choice for the ministers for the resettlement of the refugees. Germany will hold the maximum number of migrants both from Italy as well as from Greece. Though the United Kingdom was not ready to accept the refugees in the country, yet, the home offices figures show that there are 1000 Syrian refugees who have been relocated to the United Kingdom under the Vulnerable Person Relocation Scheme. However, to share the burden of the refugees, David Cameron, prime minister of the United Kingdom will accept the 20,000 refugees from Syria in the next five years (Nancheva, 2015). Figure 7: the number of asylum grants to the refugees in the year 2014 (Source: BBC News, 2015) In the year 2014, the European countries offered asylum to 184,655 refugees. In the year 2014, there are 570,000 refugees applied for asylums. As applications for the asylum system is a lengthy process, hence, some of the figures might include those application that have been applied in the ear 2013 (Pope, 2015). There are various ways how the migrants get into the European countries, the waterways as the main route through which the migrants get into the European countries. In the year 2015, between January and November, 920,000 migrants have entered the European countries. Thus, it can be seen that the pressure from the refugees from Syria is building on the European countries gradually. The European countries being open to the sea routes are more open to the refugees who are entering in the state through boats. The refugees have no other options as many of them do not have a valid passport and takes the sea route. The tragedy with Aylan Kurdi happened due to the overcrowded boat that was carrying Aylan and his family. Aylan is just a single case out of the millions refugees who lose their lives during the relocation. Findings of the study After completing the research on the refugee crisis and taking a note of the problems faced by the Syrian refugees by determining the case study of a Syrian boy Aylan Kurdi it can be said that the social problems are the main reason that give rise to problems of the refugees (Schiermeier, 2015). The growing number of the refugees can be seen from the increasing number of asylum applications that the European countries are receiving since the year 2013. The data revealed that the number of refugees from Syria is the highest. However, Germany is receiving the highest number of application for the asylum claims, yet is Hungary, which currently holds the highest population of the refugees. In addition to this, the countries are unable to cope with the growing number of refugees that Hungary has even thought of building a wall to prevent the refugees from entering the countries. Conclusions and Recommendations To solve the problems of the refuges it is necessary to go deep into the issue that make the citizens of one country to relocate to another country. The main problem that Syria is facing is the civil war that is going on in the country from the past four to five years. The government of Syria needs to be strong and take necessary measures to rid of the Islamic countries so that they can restore the peace and harmony of the country. It is the duty of the neighboring developed counties to extend their help to Syria and help the government to maintain peace and harmony in the country. The need of a stronger government is the current necessity for Syria. Once the Syria is able to bring back the peace then only the citizens will not have to move out of the country and live the life like the refugees. References Alexander, M. (2015). DEBUNKED: The European Refugee Crisis and Syria Explained. [online] The Right Stuff. Available at: https://therightstuff.biz/2015/09/25/debunked-the-european-refugee-crisis-and-syria-explained/ [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Arndt, S. (2015). Young Childrens Education and Identity: A response to the European refugee crisis.Educational Philosophy And Theory,47(13-14), 1377-1378. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2015.1100905 BBC News, (2015). Migrant crisis: Migration to Europe explained in graphics - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34131911 [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Case of M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece European Court of Human Rights. (2011). International Journal of Refugee Law, 23(2), pp.288-403. Cbsnews.com, (2015). Father of drowned Syrian tot makes heartfelt plea. [online] Available at: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/father-of-drowned-syrian-tot-makes-heartfelt-plea/ [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Cohen, R. (2011). Screening Strangers: Migration and Diaspora in Contemporary European Cinema. By Yosefa Loshitzky. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(1), pp.214-216. Fernndez-Huertas Moraga, J., and Rapoport, H. (2015). Tradable Refugee-admission Quotas (TRAQs), the Syrian Crisis and the new European Agenda on Migration.IZA J Labor Stud,4(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40174-015-0045-y Fijnaut, C. (2015). The Refugee Crisis: The End of Schengen?.European Journal Of Crime, Criminal Law And Criminal Justice,23(4), 313-332. https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-23032076 Goodson, I., Loveless, A. and Stephens, D. (2012).Explorations in narrative research. Rotterdam: SensePublishers. Green, A. (2015). Violence in Burundi triggers refugee crisis.The Lancet,386(9994), 639-640. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)61489-1 Grey, J. (2015). The Current Refugee Crisis.AMQST,12(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.15695/amqst.v12i1.4145 Gulland, A. (2015). The refugee crisis: what care is needed and how can doctors help?.BMJ, h4881. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4881 Hoecke, M. (2011).Methodologies of legal research. Oxford: Hart Pub. Horstmann, A. (2011). Ethical Dilemmas and Identifications of Faith-Based Humanitarian Organizations in the Karen Refugee Crisis. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(3), pp.513-532. Kirici, K. (2015). Why 100,000s of Syrian refugees are fleeing to Europe. [online] The Brookings Institution. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/blogs/order-from-chaos/posts/2015/09/03-eu-refugee-crisis-kirisci [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Krsteska, M. (2015). The European Union And The Migrant And Refugee Crisis In Europe.Theijsshi. https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v2i12.01 McDonough, P. and Tsourdi, E. (2012). The "Other" Greek Crisis: Asylum and Eu Solidarity. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 31(4), pp.67-100. Nancheva, N. (2015). The Common European Asylum System and the failure to protect: Bulgarias Syrian refugee crisis.Southeast European And Black Sea Studies, 1-17. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2015.1093372 Naqvi, T. (2012). Migration, Sacrifice and the Crisis of Muslim Nationalism. Journal of Refugee Studies, 25(3), pp.474-490. Noble, I. and Bestley, R. (2011).Visual research. Lausanne: AVA Publishing. Novotny, V. (2015). Refugee crisis In Focus: towards better cooperation between Europes national governments. European View, 14(2), pp.321-321. Pope, M. (2015). Responding to the refugee crisis.Seced,2015(26), 7-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.12968/sece.2015.26.7 Schiermeier, Q. (2015). German researchers pledge help in refugee crisis.Nature,528(7582), 320-321. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/528320a Siddiqui, S. (2015). Medicine, Morality and the Refugee Crisis.Asian Bioethics Review,7(4), 420-421. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asb.2015.0031 Straubhaar, T. (2015). Towards a European Refugee Policy.Intereconomics,50(5), 238-239. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-015-0549-8 Tight, M. and Huisman, J. (2013).Theory and method in higher education research. Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Willgress, L. (2015). Body of young refugee girl washes up on a Turkish beach. [online] Mail Online. Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3350009/While-world-looks-way-Body-young-refugee-girl-washes-shores-Turkey-migrant-crisis-shows-no-sign-slowing.html [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Wrycza, S. (2011).Research in systems analysis and design. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Wednesday, April 22, 2020

Modernization Essays - Modernity, Development Studies,

Modernization Modernization can be interpreted as growth of a nation in all areas (i.e. social, economic, political), for example, the aim is ?development of national forms of polity, the objects of which are to increase the social product with fair shares for all. Successful models now include Japan and the Soviet Union' (Apter 1965, Preface). Although this definition is outdated, as the inclusion of the Soviet Union (no longer in existence and with serious economic and social problems persisting in Russia) and Japan (also currently in a recession along with most of Asia) illustrates, the ideal of modernization is clear. Another approach to the term modernization is not to take it as an ideal but as a simple increase in social (literacy, numeracy), economic and political (rationalizing beaurocracy) standards within a given region (Marglin and Marglin 1990). Whether this ideal or set of standards is a natural state to which all countries will gravitate is the question that this essay will attempt to answer. Is the Darwinian theory of evolution something that can be applied to the great animal that people know as civilization (or the nation-state)? Is modernization the evolution of the species on a different level? Britain was the first ?modern' nation by these standards, in the sense that industrialization of the country resulted in a final shift from an agrarian society (limited trade) to an industrial society (highly commercial) thereby creating a new social, economic and political state. This is to say that the ?instrument' (Weiner (ed.) 1966, 7) for modernizing Britain was industrialization, and not that industrialization equals modernization. The British Empire, already being established, grew rapidly due to the technological innovations derived from industrialization, colonies were established in countries without the modern system which Britain had evolved. Thus, it can be derived that, British colonists who sought to establish political, social and economic systems to benefit the modernization of the colony exported the ideal of the modern nation-state to those countries within the empire. The majority of these colonial nations as well as those of the other industrialized nations gained their independence following the end of the Second World War, and were faced with the problem of attempting to modernize (if that was the objective). Modernization often requires ?personalities' (Apter 1965, Hunter 1969, Pye 1966), the Elite members of Shils' ?new states' (in Geertz (ed.) 1963) sought to create an acceptable political system whether that took the form of one-party or multiple-parties by following the colonial political structures that had been established. These largely peasant societies were traditionally agricultural/agrarian based, much like those found in 15th Century Europe (Hunter 1969, 4), thereby making the application of established political practices from far more developed countries a great challenge. As a result of this; ?Difficulties arise for comparative study because we have enshrined moral principles in models that have served well in a western political context' (Apter 1965, 15). After all, the global economic and political climate found in 15th Century Britain & Europe was markedly different to that which surrounded these developing nations. Therefore the impetus for modernisation comes as much from external forces exerted by modernised nations as from within the nation itself. So although, as Pye puts it, ?Economic achievement is, for example, directly tied to the spirit of industry and entrepreneurship of a people..' ( in Weiner (ed.) 1966, 364), nations such as Britain and the United States exerted pressure on the economies of developing countries for purposes of trade and international relations. Indeed a ?major goal of United States foreign policy' was ?the political development' of Third World countries (Wiarda 1989). Whether this political development has actually occurred, particularly in Africa, is a matter of great debate (Shaw 1991, Nyang'oro 1989). The images of Ethiopia in the 1980s where famine was decimating the population, Rwandan civil war and ethnic cleansing, and the Central African Republic/Congo political leadership struggle have all outlined the great political, social and economic problems on the continent. In Ethiopia the feudal, with a few moderations, system has been the dominant political situation since 1941 (Gilkes 1975). The people of many countries in Africa, even those with strong ties to colonial powers and well-established infrastructure (e.g. Tanzania), may have the trappings of modern society (e.g. Television and Coca-Cola) without having a stable political system. As a result of war, famine, lack of diversification and their exploitation by foreign powers, these nations are in massive debt and cannot modernise their society (hence the Cancel Third World Debt appeal). This can surely not be considered modernisation by the westernised standards that are imposed upon the term. However,