A study on the bobath concept

A study on the bobath concept The Bobath Concept was established by the physiotherapist Berta Bobath and her husband Dr Bobath. Prior to the Bobath Concept emphasis was put on an orthopaedic approach using a range of treatments including massage, heat and splints (Raine, 2009, p.1). However, whilst treating a stroke patient, Berta Bobath found that facilitating movement in the affected limb had a profound effect on regaining function and with input from her husband they formed the Bobath Concept (Raine 2009, p.2). The Bobath Concept is still used by many practitioners with Lennon (2003, p.456) finding that out of the 1022 practitioners that took part in a questionnaire relating to stroke rehabilitation 67% preferred to use the Bobath Concept. However, despite significant use within neurological rehabilitation it has not been proven to be superior to other treatment approaches (Kollen et al, 2009, p.90). There are a number of neurological rehabilitation approaches available to practitioners. In studies analysing the use of approaches within physiotherapy for stroke patients it is apparent that the Bobath Concept and Motor Relearning are by far the most popular approaches with Johnstone and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) being used by some therapists (David and Waters 2000, p.74). This essay will aim to critically discuss the use of the Bobath Concept in stroke rehabilitation with reference to its current criticisms and lack of evidence to suggest its superiority compared with the other approaches Stroke is caused by deprivation of oxygen to part of the brain causing loss of consciousness and neural damage (Baer and Durward, 2004, p.76). Johansson (2000) suggest that the notion of plasticity comes from Merzenich and colleagues who found evidence to suggest that cortical maps can be modified by sensory input, experience and learning as well as in response to a lesion within the brain. This could therefore explain why the facilitation of movement advocated in the Bobath Concep t works well. The British Bobath Training Association (no date) suggests that the contemporary Bobath Concept consists of the facilitation of movement within the patients environment utilising a problem solving approach to enhance the motor control of the body. This concurs with the International Bobath Instructors Training Association (IBITA 2008, p.1). At the time of its inception the Bobath was revolutionary as it promoted the regaining of function in the affected limb instead of merely finding ways to compensate for the affected limbs dysfunction which in turn leads to the regain of motor control of the affected limb (Graham et al 2009, p.57). The Bobath Concept has developed over time and as a result the IBITA have put together a document to outline a set of current theoretical assumptions of the Bobath Concept to include: ‘1. Linking participation, activities and underlying impairments 2. Organization of human behaviour and motor control 3. The consequences of injury and dysfunction in the execution of movement 4. Recovery Neural and muscle plasticity Motor learning 5. Measurement of outcome’ (IBITA 2008, pp.1). The IBITA state that the Bobath Concept has promoted the link between treatment activities and the patient’s activities of daily living for a number of years and that specific goals must be set for the individual patient (IBITA 2008, p.2). This suggests that the Bobath Concept is a very individual approach and there are no set criteria that address every patient in the same way. Lennon and Ashburn (2000, p.670-671) performed a focus group with expert therapists. Both groups in the study suggested that goal setting was an important component of the therapy. However, one group stated that goals were decided in the assessment and based upon the patient’s problem areas where as the other group stated that goals were based on regaining motor control and movement. It can be seen in these groups that although goals were seen a s important therapists may not be making them patient specific. There are drawbacks with this study in that the group was very small however as the study was a focus group this would have been necessary to remain in control in the group situation. Furthermore, the therapists were chosen though selection from their interest group (Association of chartered physiotherapists with an interest in neurology and physiotherapists interested in the care of older people) and as a result it is unclear whether these therapists are actually Bobath focused practitioners. Raine (2007, p.147) argues that in their study they found that goal and task orientation that was functional to the patient was a major feature of Bobath therapy. The participants were all members of the BBTA and had extensive Bobath training and therefore it would be accepted that their understanding of the assumptions behind the Bobath Concept would be great as they are teaching the concept to others. However, the study does not show the carryover of these assumptions to the practitioners that are not members within the BBTA.

Personal Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Development - Essay Example I believe that you can be great provided you work hard and diligently plan your life. I believe in miracles, that faith can move mountains. I believe that no situation is permanent, and that the future for me and the generation to come is bright. I believe we can do greater things through the conviction that we all can lend a hand in shaping the future of our society. I believe that you, as a teacher, have a role to play in shaping my future. I believe my stay in this institution will completely shape my future. I believe my mom and dad have done the best to give me the best in life. I believe that family remains a central figure in any young individual’s life. I believe that my family is the best in the world. Â  I believe that San Antonio will benefit from my leadership skills when I run for the mayor. I believe UTSA is a great institution that has offered me a platform to acquire knowledge and skills in an environment few only dream of. I believe the economy is stable and opportunities for businesses to grow are high. I believe the world is constantly changing, and the advent of social media and technological advancement is providing students and young individuals platforms to be creative and innovative. I believe my major will project me to the world as a person with the knowledge and skills. I believe my friends are the best, they are like family and I thank God for them. I believe my job will enable me to travel the world, changing lives and making it a better place.

Are Entrepreneurs More Happy than Others Entrepreneurship and Research Proposal

Are Entrepreneurs More Happy than Others Entrepreneurship and Happiness - Research Proposal Example m and they remain inspired despite the fact that they can make less income than people who are employed, additionally, they work more hours, and deal with a lot of stress compared to employed people (Baron and Shane, 2007). Secondly, it is important to focus on this particular topic in order to establish if indeed people who are employed are not as equally as happy as entrepreneurs are and if so, establish the source of the unhappiness despite the fact that they face fewer challenges and they are certain about the future. According to the theory presented by Abrams (2012), happiness is interlinked with motivation and therefore a person who is motivated is equally happy but this argument present a research gap in the sense that motivation are derived from factors such as money or incentives, financial security, and conducive working environment that is stress free. Therefore, factors that create motivation are not equally the factors that create happiness since it is argued that entrepreneurs are usually happy but at times, they make much less than people who are employed. Consequently, it will be critical to identify how happiness is measured or factors that determine the level of happiness. According to Naude (2012), there has been a significant increase in the cases of suicide amongst European entrepreneurs mostly during the recent economic crisis that largely affected the region since there was an erosion of social protection because of the fiscal austerity measures that had been implemented by various governments. Such a case further question how happiness is measured since it is stated that entrepreneurs are naturally happier despite the fact that at times they make less, face more challenges and uncertainties. However, it is noted this case scenario that during crises entrepreneurs become unhappy to the extent of committing suicide while it had earlier been stated that entrepreneurs are not necessarily motivated by money and always prefer challenges posed